关系副词和“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句教案

教学过程

一、 课堂导入

给出定语从句，分析主句和从句：

Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?

这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？

二、复习预习

把两个单句改成定语从句：

The days are gone. During those days we used “foreign oil”． The days when we used “foreign oil” are gone.

I still remember the day. On that day the old scientist took us to the physics lab for the first time. I still remember the day when the old scientist took us to the physics lab for the first time.

三、知识讲解

知识点1： 关系副词的作用。

关系副词 在从句中的成分 所指代的先行词 when where why 状语 状语 状语 表时间的名词 表地点的名词 reason 省略 不可省略

知识点2：when的用法：

when表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词一般为表示时间的名词。

October 1st, 1949 was the day when the People's Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。

知识点3：where的用法：

1.【考查点】where表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词一般为表示地点的名词。

Is there a shop around where we can get fruit? 附近有没有我们能买到水果的地方？

2.【考查点】where表示地点的模糊化

高考试题中对于where的考查趋于复杂。在定语从句中对先行词的考查从明显的\"地点\"转化为\"地点模糊化\这无疑增加了考生的解题难度,所以有必要对where考点进行辨析。

We are in a situation where everybody feels disappointed

I have reached a point in my life ___ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. A. which B. where C. how D. why

此题选B。

本题考查定语从句，where在定语从句中作状语，表示模糊地点，修饰先行词a point。整个句子可分解为：I have reached a point in my life；At the point I am supposed to make decisions of my own.

知识点4：why的用法：

why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词一般为reason。

The reason why she told a lie is unknown. 她为什么撒谎还不清楚。

知识点5：.“介词＋关系代词”的用法 1.【考查点】用法

关系代词whom，which在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在主句和从句之间；为了使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。 This is the room in which we lived last year. ＝This is the room which we lived in last year.

2.【考查点】注意事项

定语从句中“介词＋关系代词”结构中的关系代词是which(指物)，whom(指人)。掌握这个结构的关键在于对介词的正确选择，要注意以下几个问题：

(1)介词与定语从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配。 This is the room in which we lived last year. ＝This is the room which we lived in last year. 这就是我们去年住过的房间。

(2) 介词与定语从句中的形容词一起构成一种习惯性搭配。

The two things about which Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English. ＝The two things which Marx was not sure about were the grammar and some of the idioms of English. 马克思在语法和英语的某些习惯用语这两方面还是没有把握。

(3)介词和定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性搭配。 The pen with which he was writing broke. ＝The pen which he was writing with broke. 他写字用的那支钢笔坏了。

(4)表示“整体中的部分”或“所有关系”时，用介词of。 He has three uncles，all of whom are doctors. 他有三个叔叔，他们全都是大夫。

（5)“介词＋关系代词”结构中的关系代词不能用that，但当把介词放在从句有关动词后面时，关系代词可用that，也可省略。

The room (that/which) she lives in is a large one.

她住的是一个大房间。

(6)含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面，因此不能使用“介词＋关系代词”结构。 Is this the watch which he was looking for？

(不能说：Is this the watch for which he was looking？) 这是他正在找的那块手表吗？

3.【考查点】关系副词与“介词＋关系代词”的转化 when＝at/in/during＋which； where＝in/at＋which； why＝for which

This was a time when (＝during which) there were still slaves in the USA. 那是一个美国还存在奴隶的时代。

Is this the house where(＝in which) he was born? 这就是他出生时的那所房子吗？

I don't know the reason why(＝for which)he said that. 我不明白他说那事的原因。

四、例题精析

【例题1】

Students should involve themselves in community activities _____ they can gain experience for growth. A．who B．when C．which D．where

【答案】D

【解析】本题考查定语从句中关系副词的使用。

句意：学生应该使他们自己参与到团体活动中来，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长经验。

【例题2】

I am looking forward to the day ________ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. A. as B. why C. when D. where

【答案】C

【解析】本题考查定语从句中关系副词的使用。

句意：我一直期待着我的女儿能读懂这本书，能明白我对她的感情的那一天。

【例题3】

The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work ______ a good impression is a must.

A．which B．when C．as D．where

【答案】 D

【解析】本题考查定语从句中关系副词的使用。

句意：这本书在我的日常交流方面给予了我很大帮助，尤其是在必须给别人留下一个好印象的工作中。

五、课堂运用

【基础】

1．I didn't become a serious climber until the fifth grade，________ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.

A．when B．where C．which D．why

【答案】A

【解析】本题考查定语从句中关系副词的使用。

句意：我直到五年级才成为一个真正的攀登者，那一年我爬上了树枝去够一只被卡的风筝。

2．Care of the soul is a gradual process ________ even the small details of life should be considered. A．what B. in what C．which D．in which

【答案】D

【解析】本题考查定语从句中介词+关系代词的使用。

句意：灵魂的洗礼是一个渐进的过程，在这个过程中，生活的每一个细节都要考虑到。

3．In our class there are 46 students, ________half wear glasses. A．in whom B．in them C．of whom D．of them

【答案】C

【解析】本题考查定语从句中介词+关系代词的使用，表所属，应用of。

【巩固】

4．Sales director is a position ________ communication ability is just as important as sales skills. A. which B. that C. when D. where

【答案】D

【解析】本题考查定语从句的关系词辨析。

5. We live in an age ________ more information is available with greater ease than ever before. A．why B．when C．to whom D．on which

【答案】B

【解析】本题考查定语从句的关系词辨析。

6. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _____had taken more than three years. A. for which

【答案】C

【解析】本题考查定语从句中介词+关系代词的使用。

B. with which

C. of which

D. to which

【拔高】

7．Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _______ the audience can buy ice-cream. A. when B. where C. that

【答案】A

【解析】本题考查定语从句中关系副词的使用。 D. which

8．A bank is the place ____ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. A. when

【答案】C

【解析】本题考查定语从句中关系副词的使用。

B. that

C. where

D. there

9．It’s helpful to put children in a situation ___ they can see themselves differently. A. that B. when C. which D. where

【答案】D

【解析】本题考查定语从句中关系副词的使用, where在定语从句中作状语，修饰先行词a situation。

课程小结

本节课主要围绕关系副词和“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句用法进行讲解。 要求学生学会正确分析主句和从句的成分，并选出正确的关系词。此外，最好能把定语从句的基本用法和作文相结合来进行训练，为作文打好基础。

同学在做题时要认真分析题目，灵活地运用所学的语法知识。