2013年四川大学英语翻译基础真题试卷 (题后含答案及解析)
题型有：1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译
词语翻译
英译汉
1． SAARC
正确答案：南亚区域合作联盟
2． P5-plus-l
正确答案：(联合国安全理事会的五个常任理事国+德国)P5+1集团
3． QE 3
正确答案：第三轮量化宽松政策
4． CDM
正确答案：清洁发展机制
5． BRICS
正确答案：金砖五国
6． UNCTAD
正确答案：联合国贸易发展会议
7． SCO
正确答案：上海合作组织
8． Hamid Karzai
正确答案：哈米德·卡尔扎伊
9． Fiscal Cliff
正确答案：财政悬崖
10． mandatory evacuation
正确答案：强制撤离
11． Non Aligned Movement
正确答案：不结盟运动
12． CO2 equivalent
正确答案：二氧化碳等价物
13． social media
正确答案：社交媒体
14． UN General Assembly 67 th Session
正确答案：第67届联合国大会
15． hybrid cars
正确答案：混合动力汽车
汉译英
16． 亚欧首脑会议
正确答案：Asia—Europe Summit Meeting
17． 中共十八大
正确答案：the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China
18． 移动媒体
正确答案：mobile media
19． 光棍节
正确答案：Singles’Day
20． 反倾销与反补贴
正确答案：anti—dumping and anti-subsidy
21． 电视相亲
正确答案：TV dating
22． 上海期货交易所
正确答案：Shanghai Futures Exchange
23． 富二代
正确答案：the affluent second generation
24． 海上风能
正确答案：offshore wind energy
25． 早稻田大学
正确答案：Waseda University
26． 车载信息系统
正确答案：info-telematic system
27． 伦敦金融城
正确答案：City of London
28． 资产负债表
正确答案：balance sheet
29． “被就业”
正确答案：falsification of graduates employment status
30． 《文心雕龙》
正确答案：The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons
英汉互译
英译汉
31． The misfortunes of human beings may be divided into two classes: First, those inflicted by the non-human environment and, second, those inflicted by other people. As mankind has progressed in knowledge and technique, the second class has become a continually increasing percentage of the total. In old times, famine, for example, was due to natural causes, and although people did their best to combat it, large numbers of them died of starvation. At the present moment large parts of the world are faced with the threat of famine, but although natural causes have contributed to the situation, the principal causes are human. For six years the civilized nations of the world devoted all their best energies to killing each other, and they find it difficult suddenly to switch over to keeping each other alive. Having destroyed harvests, dismantled agricultural machinery, and disorganized shipping, they find it no easy matter to relieve the shortage of crops in one place by means of a superabundance in another, as would easily be done if the economic system were in normal working order. As this illustration shows, it is now man that is man’s worst enemy. Nature, it is true, still sees to it that we are mortal, but with the progress in medicine it will become more and more common for people to live until they have had their fill of life. We are supposed to wish to live forever and to look forward to the unending joys of heaven, of which, by miracle, the monotony will never grow stale. But in fact, if you question any candid person who is no longer young, he is very likely to tell you that, having tasted life in this world, he has no wish to begin again as a ‘ new boy’ in another. For the future, therefore, it may be taken that the most important evils that mankind have to consider are those which they inflict upon each other through stupidity or malevolence or both.
正确答案： 人类的不幸可以分为两种类型，第一种是非人类的环境因素强加的不幸，第二类是其他人造成的不幸。人类在知识与技能上已经取得了很大的进步，第二类的不幸所占的比重也就随之不断地增加。比如在古代，自然因素会造成饥荒，尽管人们会拼命去抗争，但还是有许许多多的人死于饥饿。目前，世界上许多地方都面临着饥荒的威胁，尽管是自然因素造成了这种状况，但是主要原因还是在人类自己。六年间，世界上的文明国家倾尽全力，彼此要将对方置于死地，他们发现要彼此都生存下来会是很困难的事情。他们已经毁掉了收成、拆掉了农业机械、使船运杂乱无章，这时他们发现，通过另一个粮食充足的地区来救济粮食短缺的地区并不是一件易事，不过如果经济体系运行正常的话，可能做起来会容易一些。这个例证表明，人才是人类最大的敌人。诚然，在自然面前，我们仍难逃一死，但随着医药研究的进步，人类可以满足自己延长生命的膨胀之心。我们本应希望长生不死，希望得到天堂般永恒的快乐，依靠神迹可永不厌倦。但事实是，如果你问一个上了年纪的正直的人，他很可能会告诉你，他已经尝遍了人生百味，不希望作为一个“新人”再活一次了。所以对于未来，我们可以认为，人类需要考虑的是，人类由于自己的愚蠢或怨恨或兼而有之，互相打击压榨，这才是最重要的罪恶啊。
32． What was the origin of the oil which now drives our motor-cars and aircraft? Scientists are confident about the formation of coal, but they do not seem so sure when asked about oil. They think that the oil under the surface of the earth originated in the distant past, and was formed from living things in the sea. Countless billions of minute sea creatures and plants lived and sank to the sea bed. They were covered with huge deposits of mud, and by processes of chemistry, pressure and temperature were changed through long ages into what we know as oil. For these creatures to become oil it was necessary that they should be imprisoned between layers of rock for an enormous length of time. The statement that oil originated in the sea is confirmed by a glance at a map showing the chief oilfields oi the world; very few of them are far distant from the oceans of today. In some places gas and oil come up to the surface of the sea from its bed. The rocks in which oil is found are of marine origin too. They are sedimentary rocks, rocks which were laid down by the action of water on the bed of the ocean. Almost always the remains of shells, and other proofs of sea life, are found close to the oil. A very common sedimentary rock is called shale, which is a soft rock and was obviously formed by being deposited on the sea bed. And where there is shale there is likely to be oil.Geologists, scientists who study rocks, indicate the likely places to the oil drillers. In some cases oil comes out of the ground without any drilling at all and has been used for hundreds of years. In the island of Trinidad the oil is in the form of asphalt, a substance used for making roads. Sir Walter Raleigh visited the famous pitch lake of Trinidad in 1595; it is said to contain nine thousand million tons of asphalt. There are probably huge quantities of crude oil beneath the surface.
正确答案： 我们现在用来开汽车、开飞机的油是怎么来的?科学家们确信煤炭是怎么形成的，但若问到油是怎么形成的，他们似乎就不那么确定了。他们认为地表下的石油形成于远古时期，是由海里的生物形成的。不计其数的亿万微小的海洋生物和植物下沉到海床上，上面覆盖着沉积的泥沙，通过化学、压力以及温度的作用，经过很长时间的变化，形成了我们所说的石油。这些生物必须在层层的岩石之间密封起来，经过极长的一段时间才能形成石油。只要看一下世界主要油田的地图，就可以证实石油是来源于海洋的说法，而且大部分都是位于现在的近海。有些地方的石油和天然气都上浮到了海面之上。发现石油的岩石也是海里形成的，这些都是沉积岩，由于海水的作用，它们压结在了海床之上。在石油的附近总能找到贝壳的遗骸或是其他海洋生命的迹象。有一种普通的沉积岩叫页岩，这是一种松软的岩石，很明显是海床沉积形成的。有页岩的地方就可能会有石油。 地质学家是研究岩石的科学家，他们可以为钻探石油的人指出哪里可能会有石油。在有些地方，石油根本不用钻探就冒了出来，而且已经使用了上百年。在特立尼达岛，石油是以沥青的形式出现的，沥青可以用来铺路。1595年，沃尔特?雷利爵士参观了特立尼达岛上著名的沥青湖，据说那里面有90亿吨沥青。湖面之下可能有大量的原油。
汉译英
33． 外文出版社专事外文图书的编辑出版，几十年来用英文翻译出版了大量的中国文学作品和文化典籍，上自先秦，下迄现当代，力求全面而准确地
反映中国文学及中国文化的基本面貌和灿烂成就。这些英译图书均取自相关领域著名的、权威的作品，英译则出自国内外翻译名家。每本图书的编选、翻译过程均极其审慎严肃，精雕细琢，中文作品及相应的英译版本均堪称经典。 我们意识到，这些英译精品，不单有对翻译界的意义，而且对国内英文学习者、爱好者及英译工作者，也是极有价值的读本。为此，我们对这些英译精品做了认真的遴选，编排成汉英对照的形式，陆续推出，以飨读者。
正确答案： Foreign Language Press specializes in the edition and publication of foreign language books. Over the decades, the press has translated and published large amounts of Chinese literary works and cultural classics which are created from the pre-Qin period to the contemporary era. The press has strived to offer an accurate and all-round outlook of basic development and glorious achievements of Chinese literature and culture. Included in books are all well-known and authorized works which are translated by notable translators at home and abroad. The books are compiled through serious selection and careful revision, both the Chinese works and their English versions can be called classics.We have realized that those English selections are not only meaningful to the field of translation but also valuable to those English learners, amateurs or those who are engaged in English translation at home. We’d like to provide readers with those carefully selected Chinese-English works. May you enjoy those works.
34． 钓鱼岛属于中国，根本不是“无主地”。在日本人“发现”钓鱼岛之前，中国已经对钓鱼岛实施了长达数百年有效管辖，是钓鱼岛无可争辩的主人。如前所述，日本大量官方文件证明，日本完全清楚钓鱼岛早已归属中国，绝非国际法上的无主地。日本所谓依据“先占”原则将钓鱼岛作为“无主地”“编入”其版图，是侵占中国领土的非法行为，不具有国际法效力。 无论从地理上还是从中国历史管辖实践看，钓鱼岛一直是中国台湾岛的附属岛屿。日本通过不平等的《马关条约》迫使清朝割让包括钓鱼岛在内的“台湾全岛及所有附属各岛屿”。《开罗宣言》、《波茨坦公告》等国际法律文件规定，日本必须无条件归还其窃取的中国领土。上述文件还对日本领土范围作了明确界定，其中根本不包括钓鱼岛。日本试图侵占钓鱼岛，实质是对《开罗宣言》和《波茨坦公告》等法律文件所确立的战后国际秩序的挑战，严重违背了日本应承担的国际法义务。
正确答案：Diaoyu Island belongs to China. It is by no means “terra nullius”. China is the indisputable owner of Diaoyu Island as it had exercised valid jurisdiction over the island for several hundred years long before the Japanese people “discovered” it. As stated above, voluminous Japanese official documents prove that Japan was fully aware that according to international law, Diaoyu Island has long been part of China and was not “terra nullius”. Japan’s act to include Diaoyu Island as “terra nullius” into its territory based on the “occupation” principle is in fact an illegal act of occupying Chinese territory and has no legal effect according to international law.Diaoyu Island has always been affiliated to China’s Taiwan Island both in geographical terms and in accordance with China’s historical jurisdiction practice. Through the unequal Treaty of Shimonoseki, Japan forced the Qing Government to
cede to it “ the island of Taiwan, together with all islands appertaining or belonging to it” , including Diaoyu Island. International legal documents such as the Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Proclamation provide that Japan must unconditionally return the territories it has stolen from China. These documents also clearly define Japan’s territory, which by no means includes Diaoyu Island. Japan’s attempted occupation of Diaoyu Island, in essence, constitutes a challenge to the post-war international order established by such legal documents as the Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Proclamation and seriously violates the obligations Japan should undertake according to international law.
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